Intestinal Worms??Homeopathic Treatment

The digestive system of a human being plays host to various worms. Such worms feed on the food that passes through the digestive tract. Some worms are of benefit to the digestive process, whereas there are some harmful ones. The common symptoms of intestinal worms are diarrhea, bad breath, abdominal cramps, fevers, anemia, etc. Different worms can cause different symptoms. Threadworms can cause severe itching in the rectum while round worms can cause weight loss and inflammation of the intestine
Intestinal parasites are parasites that populate the gastro-intestinal tract in humans and other animals.[1] They can live throughout the body, but most prefer the intestinal wall. Means of exposure include: ingestion of undercooked meat, drinking infected water, and skin absorption. A parasite is an organism that feeds off another organism, called a host.


The major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.

Symptoms

A list of common symptoms:[2]
Abdominal pain
Myositis
Constipation
Anaemia
Anorexia
B-12 deficiency
Rectal hemorrhage
Blindness
Hematochezia
Hemoptysis
Dysuria
Central nervous system impairment
Chest pain
Chills
Chronic fatigue
Colitis
Coughing
Diarrhea
Digestive disturbance
Dizziness
Fever
Enlargement of various organs
Headaches
Vaginitis
Jaundice
Joint Pain
Weight loss due to malnutrition
Weakness
Immunodeficiency
Nausea/vomiting
Swelling of facial features
Sweating
Insomnia
Skin ulcers
Rectal prolaspe
Mental problems
Lung congestion
Memory loss
Night sweats
Muscle spasms
Hair loss or thinning
causes
In some people, intestinal worms do not cause any symptoms, or the symptoms may come and go. If you have some of these symptoms, it does not necessarily mean that you are infected. These symptoms may also indicate to other diseases. Common signs and complaints include coughing, cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea. Some parasites also cause low red blood cell count (anemia), and some travel from the lungs to the intestine, or from the intestine to the lungs and other parts of the body. Many other conditions can result in these symptoms, so laboratory tests are necessary to determine their cause.
In children, irritability and restlessness are commonly reported by parents.
Intestinal parasite infections can occur in people of any age, and babies, the elderly and pregnant women are at a higher risk of becoming ill when infected. Intestinal parasites can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, itching, anemia and bleeding, and intestinal parasite infection in babies may be life threatening
Animals
Contact with animals, including their waste can be a source of intestinal parasites, according to the Mayo Clinic. Petting zoos and pet shops may have animals including reptiles, fish and rodents that are infected with intestinal parasites, which can infect humans who pet or handle them. Allowing household pets to go outdoors can result in them coming into contact with other animals infected with parasites, and the pets can bring the parasites into the home to infect their owners.

Food
According to the Mayo Clinic, contaminated food and drinks can be a source of intestinal parasites. Food that is undercooked or eaten raw can contain worms, eggs or cysts that develop into parasites such as worms and washing foods with contaminated water can expose them to uncontaminated food. People who prepare food without washing their hands may contaminate food with fecal matter containing parasites.


Physical Contact
Direct physical contact with intestinal parasites can result in infections, according to the Mayo Clinic. Babies and toddlers with parasites may expel them into their stool, which can contaminate diaper changing areas and infect others. Touching soiled clothing that have parasites on them can also result in infection.

Sexual Contact
Certain types of sexual contact may result in infection with intestinal parasites, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Anal intercourse can allow parasites such as giardia to spread between people. Oral sex or vaginal sex that follows anal intercourse can also allow for the spread of intestinal parasites.

Soil
Exposure to soil that is contaminated with the eggs, cysts or adult intestinal parasites can be a cause of infection, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Soil that is fertilized with human or animal waste may contain parasites such as hookworms, which can enter the body through the skin and infect the intestines. Walking on soil with bare feet can result in small cuts or abrasions that can allow parasite eggs or cysts to enter the body and cause intestinal infections.

Water
Water contaminated with sewage including human or animal feces is a cause of intestinal parasites, according to the National Library of Medicine. Swimming in a creek, river or lake may cause infections with intestinal parasites such as giardia or schistosoma. Walking through mud or puddles without proper footwear can also allow worms to enter the body through the skin which then infect the intestines.

Homeopathic Treatment

Cina 
Produces a perfect picture of the wormy child. The patient is cross, irritable, has a sickly pale face with rings about the eyes, grates the teeth at night and has a tendency to convulsions; there is canine hunger or variable appetite; the child picks at its nose and cries out in its sleep; there is jerking of the hands and feet and a milky urine. It does not correspond well to pin-worms and a noticeable symptoms is a bluish color about the mouth.

Santonine. 
The alkaloid of Cina is also a remedy for round worms. It is not a safe remedy as Cina and no more efficacious. The writer has observed convulsions produced by its use in too low potencies.

Caladium.
Useful when worms travel over the perineum and get into the vagina in little girls, with tendency to excite masturbation.

Teucrium. 
The remedy for ascarides or pin-worms; there is much irritation caused by them in the rectum. Hughes prefers the tincture or lower dilutions, saying that it rarely fails in this condition. Another remedy for pin-worms is Sinapis nigra.

Cina and Cicuta are often indicated in convulsions from worms.

Spigelia. 
Strabismus, jerking with paleness of the face, blue rings around the eyes, faint, nauseated feeling with colic about the navel caused by the presence of worms, will indicate Spigelia. It has stools consisting of mucus, faces and worms. The tincture on a handkerchief and inhaled will frequently arrest convulsions from worms.

Ignatia 
Is useful where the child is much excited and has tickling and creeping at the anus.

Indigo 
Is a remedy for ascarides or thread-worms in melancholy children, with intense pain in the umbilical region, also convulsions from worms.

Sabadilla 
Has worm symptoms with nausea, vomiting and colic.

Stannum.
According to Hahnemann, Stannum so stupefies the worms that they are easily dislodged by purgatives. It has many worms symptoms; thus pale sunken face and eyes surrounded by blue rings, Sluggish disposition, general torpor, foetor of breath and passive fever. Patient prefers to lie on stomach.

Calcarea
Calcarea is a valuable remedy to eradicate the disposition to worms.

Cuprum oxydatum nigrum
Zopfy in his sixty years' practice asserts that this remedy will remove all kinds of worms, cure trichinosis, and even tapeworm. He gives it in small doses, about the 1X, in alternation with Nux vomica four or five times a day for four to six weeks, which always suffices to cure tapeworm without causing the patient any in convenience whatever.

                                                               Frequent Urination 

Most people typically urinate four to eight times a day. Needing to go more than eight times a day or waking up in the night to go to the bathroom more than once in the night is considered frequent urination. Though the bladder can often hold as much as 600 ml of urine (about 2 ½ cups), the urge to urinate is usually felt when the bladder contains about 150 ml of urine (just over ½ cup).

There are two different ways to look at frequent urination: either as an increase in total volume of urine produced (polyuria) or a dysfunction in the storage and emptying of urine.


Frequent Urination Causes

Urinary tract infection: The lining of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body) and bladder becomes inflamed and irritated due to byproducts of an infection (blood, white blood cells, bacteria). This irritation of the bladder wall causes the urge to empty the bladder frequently (called frequency).


Diabetes: An early symptom of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be frequent urination, as the body tries to rid itself of unused glucose (blood sugar) through the urine. Diabetes can also damage the nerves that control the bladder, causing frequent urination and difficulty controlling your bladder


Diuretic use: Medications used to treat high blood pressure or fluid buildup work in the kidney and flush excess fluid from the body, causing frequent urination.

Prostate problems: An enlarged prostate can press against the urethra and block the flow of urine, causing the bladder wall to become irritated. The bladder contracts even when it contains small amounts of urine, causing more frequent urination. Brachytherapy (sealed source radiotherapy, or "seed treatment" for prostate cancer) can cause frequent urination in about one-third of patients.


Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and the growing uterus placing pressure on the bladder cause frequent urination, even in the early weeks of gestation. The trauma from vaginal childbirth can also cause damage to the urethra.


Interstitial cystitis: This condition is characterized by pain in the bladder and pelvic region, often leading to frequent urination.


Stroke or other neurological diseases: Damage to nerves that supply the bladder can lead to problems with bladder function, including frequent and sudden urges to urinate.


Bladder cancer: Tumors taking up space or causing bleeding in the bladder may lead to more frequent urination.


Overactive bladder syndrome: Often frequent urination is itself the problem. Involuntary bladder contractions lead to frequent and often urgent urination, even if the bladder is not full.


Drinking too much: Ingesting more fluids than your body needs can cause the body to urinate more often.


Artificial sweeteners, alcohol, caffeine and other foods: Alcohol and caffeine can act as diuretics, which can cause more frequent urination. Carbonated drinks, artificial sweeteners (such as Splenda or Equal), and citrus fruits are known to irritate the bladder, causing more frequent urination

Frequent Urination Symptoms

Even though there are numerous causes for frequent urination, the symptoms are generally the same. Below are some terms that are used to describe symptoms that may accompany frequent urination.

Frequency: urinating more than eight times during the day or more than once overnight


Hesitancy: incomplete evacuation of the bladder during each episode of urination. There may be a sudden stoppage of the urine flow due to spasms in the bladder or urethra or there may be difficulty starting the flow of urine.


Urgency: the uncomfortable feeling of pressure in the bladder that makes you feel you have to go "right now"


Urinary incontinence: the inability to control the flow of urine, leading to either constant or intermittent accidental leakage


Dysuria: pain or burning sensation during or immediately following urination. This may be a sign of a urinary tract infection.


Hematuria: Blood in the urine can be small amounts, clots, or very bloody. This will usually cause the urine to appear darker in color.


Nocturia: This is having to wake up to urinate. It can also be associated with nighttime urinary incontinence. (In children, this includes wetting the bed.)


Pollakiuria: frequent daytime urination


Dribbling: After finishing urination, urine continues to drip or dribble out.


Straining: having to squeeze or bear down to initiate the urine stream



REMEDIES



1 Aconite Sudden chest congestion due to dry cold winds, restlessness, great thirst for cold drinks; tremendous fear/panic
2 Ant-crud. Milky white tongue
3 Allium Cepa Eyes and nose water profusely; sneezing
4 Alumina Strains with soft stool, tired and weak
5 Apis Oedema, scanty urine, feels hot
6 Arg-Nit. Opthalmia, fluttering stools, loud eructations, ailments from too much chocolate, sweets, candy
7 Arnica        Soreness, fatigue, effects of injury, blunt trauma
8 Arsenicum Aggravation 1 a.m., extremely weak, anxious and restless; food poisoning/diarrhea
9 Belladona          Head hot, painful, sudden onset of complaints, high fever
10 Bryonia         The slightest movement aggravates
11 Carbo Veg Flatulence and burping which relieves; weak, better draft of air though chilly
12 China           Weak. Flatulence, bloating and burping which does not relieve. Worse draft of air.
13 Cuprum Met  Spasms. General amelioration from cold drinks
14 Cantharis         Frequent burning urination
15 Cina                Grits teeth, bores fingers into nose
16 Cactus         Feeling of constriction
17 Calcarea Carb Impaired nutrition, irregular bone development
18 Calc-fluor. Glands hard, varicose veins, hard bony growths
19 Causticum         Local paralysis
20 Chamomilla Stormy temper, irritable
21 Chelidonium Jaundice
22 Cicuta Virosa Convulsions
23 Cimicifuga           Painful menses
24 Colocynth             Crampy pains, person bends double from cramps; Sciatica, usually right sided, better lying on the painful side
25 Digitalis          Pulse very slow
26 Drosera        Whooping cough
27 Dulcamara Nettle rash, diarrhea, eye inflameld by damp cold, ailments from cold, damp weather
28 Glonoine         Head, neck throbs, sunstroke/heatstroke
29 Gelsemium Ptosis, profuse urination which ameliorates, weakness, apathetic to his condition
30 Graphites        Sticky, honey-like oozing from eruptions, cracks in skin, constipation
31 Hepar Sulph Inflamed part extremely sensitive to touch
32 Hypericum Nerve centres crushed or affected
33 Ipecac         Nausea
34 Iris V.         Acidity, vomiting and headache
35 Iodium        Glands (except breast) swell
36 Ignatia      Changeable moods, effects of grief
37 Kali Carb       Aggravation 3 a.m.
38 Merc Cor         Tenesmus (constant urging)
39 Mag. Phos Cramping pains – amelioration from heat
40 Nitric Acid Mouth blisters, anal fissures
41 Nux Vomica Frequent urge for stool-urination
42 Opium            Constipation with no urge
43 Phosphoric Acid Nervous debility, diarrhea
44 Podophyllum     Diarrhea-dentition
45 Rhus Tox            Restlessness-muscular pains
46 Silicea           Defective assimilation
47 Staphysagria Styes, frequent urination, throws things when angry, trembles from anger, cystitis after sex.
48 Sulphur Burning in patches, standing is uncomfortable
49 Thuja Warts
50 Veratrum Alb Colic, vomiting, loose stools, cold sweat on forehea

                                                                      Ear Infection 

 EarInfection can affect the ear canal (otitis externa), the eardrum, or the middle ear (otitis media). Most ear injuries are caused by pressure changes during direct injury (such as a blow to the ear) or sport scuba diving, but, a persistently painful ear may signal an infection that requires treatment. Because an ear scope (otoscope) may not be available to examine the canal and inner ear in remote locations,
    
 Middle ear infections are one of the most common childhood problems. Let's start by talking about infections. An infection (say: in-fek-shun) happens when germs like bacteria and viruses get inside the body and cause trouble. Germs can get into your ears. The ear is divided into three parts: outer, middle, and inner. When the germs bother your outer ear, it's called swimmer's ear.

The middle ear is a small pocket of air behind the eardrum. You have a middle ear infection when germs get into the middle ear and the area fills up with fluid (or pus), which contains germ-fighting cells. When the pus builds up, your ear starts to feel like a balloon that is ready to pop, which can really hurt.
Ear Infection Symptoms

Symptoms of ear infection include:

ear pain,

fullness in the ear,

hearing loss,

ringing,

discharge from the ear,

nausea,

vomiting , and

vertigo.

Symptoms may follow a respiratory infection such as the common cold.

Discharge from the ear canal is often caused by the infection known as swimmer's ear (otitis externa). A painful ear with decreased hearing is often the result of otitis media, an middle ear infection.

Homeopathic Treatment

Aconitum napellus: This remedy is indicated if an earache comes on suddenly with cutting, throbbing pain—often after exposure to cold and wind, or after a shaking experience. The person usually is fearful, agitated, and restless. Fever may be high and thirst is strong. Symptoms are often worse near midnight, and can even wake the person up.

Belladonna: Intense bouts of earache that come and go very suddenly, with heat and inflammation, suggest a need for this remedy. Pain can be pounding or throbbing, and may be worse from jarring. The person usually has a fever, a flushed red face, eyes that are sensitive to light, and skin that is hot to touch. The right ear is most often affected. A child needing Belladonna may feel drowsy with the fever, or be restless and have nightmares.

Chamomilla: Paroxysms of pain that seem intolerable suggest a need for this remedy. Children may seem angry and beside themselves, and often scream and hit. They may feel better from being carried constantly and vigorously walked around or rocked. Ear pain and other symptoms are worse from heat and wind, and the cheeks (often only one) may be hot and red.

Ferrum phosphoricum: This remedy can soothe the ache and inflammation of an ear infection—or even stop it, if given when the symptoms have just begun to show. The person looks pink and flushed, with fever and a feeling of weariness. The outer ear may look warm and pink, and the eardrum can slightly bulge.

Hepar sulphuris :This remedy is indicated when an earache is very painful or infection is advanced (with a bulging eardrum or pus formation). Stabbing, sticking pains “like a splinter being driven in” are a likely indication. The person is very sensitive to everything, especially cold and drafts, and may feel extremely vulnerable and touchy.

Magnesia phosphorica: An earache that feels much better when warmth and pressure are applied suggests a need for this remedy. The pain may be mostly neuralgic, with little evidence of fluid or infection.

Mercurius solubilis: This remedy may be helpful if an ear infection is advanced, with pus formation, shooting pains, and roaring in the ear. A person who needs this remedy is often very sensitive to temperatures (both hot and cold), has swollen lymph nodes, offensive breath, a puffy tongue, and sweat and drooling during sleeping.

Pulsatilla: This remedy is often indicated for ear infections that follow or accompany a cold. (Cold symptoms include a stuffy nose, especially indoors, and large amounts of yellow or greenish mucus.) The ear may be hot and swollen, with a feeling that something is pressing out. Pain can be worse in the evening and at night, as well as worse from heat, with a pulsing sensation. Deep itching may be felt inside, especially if ear infections are chronic. A child needing Pulsatilla usually is sad and tearful, wanting to be held and comforted.

                                                                Dry skin
Dry skin is most common in your lower legs, arms, flanks (sides of the abdomen), and thighs. The symptoms most often associated with dry skin include:

Scaling
Itching
Cracks in the skin
       A dry skin problem can be uncomfortable and even maddening. Your skin might feel tight and painful; it might look dull or red or flaky. Worst of all is the itchiness -- the sort of overwhelming itchiness that makes you feel like you're infested with fleas, that keeps you awake at night, miserably raking your skin with a back scratcher.
Common causes:
Xeroderma is a very common condition. It happens more often in the winter where the cold air outside and the hot air inside creates a low relative humidity. This causes the skin to lose moisture and it may crack and peel. Bathing or hand washing too frequently, especially if one is using harsh soaps, may also contribute to xeroderma. Xeroderma can also be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin D, systemic illness, severe sunburn, or some medication [2]. Xeroderma can also be caused by choline inhibitors. Detergents like washing powder and washing up liquid can also cause xeroderma.

Dry skin is red, cracked and painful. It can feel tight and uncomfortable. Some people are prone to dry skin; others have this problem due to a dry climate or severe weather changes. Dry skin can also be sensitive and needs to be treated with care. Natural remedies for dry skin are effective and gentle. Natural ingredients are ideal for dry sensitive skin because they do not contain preservatives or other harsh chemicals.
Homeopathic Treatment

Olive Oil
Olive oil can be used as a moisturizer for the entire body and face. Olive oil helps dry skin because it contains oleic acid. This causes the skin to become more permeable and hold in necessary moisture that is lost in cases of dry skin. Pour olive oil into a spray bottle and spritz your towel-dried body and face after taking a shower or bath. If the oil has difficulty spraying, run the bottle under warm water or hang in the shower to steam heat.

Petroleum Jelly and Vitamin E
For extremely dry areas such as the knees, elbows, hands and feet make a mixture of petroleum jelly and vitamin E oil. Petroleum jelly has been used for years to soften dry skin and has no chemicals or irritants whatsoever and vitamin E oil repairs damaged and scaly skin. Pour 1 tbsp. of vitamin E oil into a cup of petroleum jelly. Apply this moisturizer to the hands and feet and cover with white cotton gloves before bed. Rub into elbows and knees after a shower to keep skin soft and smooth.

PETROLEUM: The medicine is made from this ‘CRUDE ROCK OIL’, which has that smell and taste. This is used as a remedy when the skin looks dry, rough and cracked, with sensitivity to even the slightest scratch. Winter fissures, cracks and peeling of skin can be relieved by the dosage of petroleum.

GRAPHITES: This is a mineral which is used as a medicine, effectively useful in skin affections with severe itching due to persistent dryness. Painful cracks and fissures in the ends of fingers, cracks in nipples, mouth and between fingers and toes could be brought to normal health by administration of this homoeo remedy. It is commonly known as ‘Black Lead’, which occurs as a black grey, soft gelatinous solid. This could be used as a preventive, when the skin just appears to crack with an unhealthy look. It also helps to cure dry skin with ulcers that discharge sticky fluid.

SULPHUR: It is the sublimated elemental sulphur, which is converted and used as medicine, in most therapies and practices of medicine. Homoeo also uses this, to relieve skin troubles that look very dirty, unhealthy and extremely dry. Cracks that develop in the lips and corners of the mouth with much dryness can be relieved with this remedy.

                                         Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels, that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes (as it will be in this article) was first identified as a disease associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine.

Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level. In patients with diabetes, the absence or insufficient production of insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.


 


Type Of  Diabetes
The three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM) are:

Type 1 DM results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or "juvenile" diabetes)

Type 2 DM results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or "adult-onset" diabetes)

Gestational diabetes is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.

Causes Diabetes
Insufficient production of insulin (either absolutely or relative to the body's needs), production of defective insulin (which is uncommon), or the inability of cells to use insulin properly and efficiently leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes. This latter condition affects mostly the cells of muscle and fat tissues, and results in a condition known as "insulin resistance." This is the primary problem in type 2 diabetes. The absolute lack of insulin, usually secondary to a destructive process affecting the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main disorder in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, there also is a steady decline of beta cells that adds to the process of elevated blood sugars. Essentially, if someone is resistant to insulin, the body can, to some degree, increase production of insulin and overcome the level of resistance. After time, if production decreases and insulin cannot be released as vigorously, hyperglycemia develops.

Glucose is a simple sugar found in food. Glucose is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the proper functioning of the body cells. Carbohydrates are broken down in the small intestine and the glucose in digested food is then absorbed by the intestinal cells into the bloodstream, and is carried by the bloodstream to all the cells in the body where it is utilized. However, glucose cannot enter the cells alone and needs insulin to aid in its transport into the cells. Without insulin, the cells become starved of glucose energy despite the presence of abundant glucose in the bloodstream. In certain types of diabetes, the cells' inability to utilize glucose gives rise to the ironic situation of "starvation in the midst of plenty". The abundant, unutilized glucose is wastefully excreted in the urine.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by specialized cells (beta cells) of the pancreas. (The pancreas is a deep-seated organ in the abdomen located behind the stomach.) In addition to helping glucose enter the cells, insulin is also important in tightly regulating the level of glucose in the blood. After a meal, the blood glucose level rises. In response to the increased glucose level, the pancreas normally releases more insulin into the bloodstream to help glucose enter the cells and lower blood glucose levels after a meal. When the blood glucose levels are lowered, the insulin release from the pancreas is turned down. It is important to note that even in the fasting state there is a low steady release of insulin than fluctuates a bit and helps to maintain a steady blood sugar level during fasting. In normal individuals, such a regulatory system helps to keep blood glucose levels in a tightly controlled range. As outlined above, in patients with diabetes, the insulin is either absent, relatively insufficient for the body's needs, or not used properly by the body. All of these factors cause elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia).


 significant symptoms of diabetes
The classical symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). Symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 diabetes, while they usually develop much more slowly and may be subtle or absent in type 2 diabetes.
Prolonged high blood glucose can cause glucose absorption in the lens of the eye, which leads to changes in its shape, resulting in vision changes. Blurred vision is a common complaint leading to a diabetes diagnosis; type 1 should always be suspected in cases of rapid vision change, whereas with type 2 change is generally more gradual, but should still be suspected[citation needed]. A number of skin rashes which can occur in diabetes are collectively known as diabetic dermadromes.

Causes
The cause of diabetes depends on the type.

Type 1 diabetes is partly inherited, and then triggered by certain infections, with some evidence pointing at Coxsackie B4 virus. A genetic element in individual susceptibility to some of these triggers has been traced to particular HLA genotypes (i.e., the genetic "self" identifiers relied upon by the immune system). However, even in those who have inherited the susceptibility, type 1 DM seems to require an environmental trigger.

Type 2 diabetes is due primarily to lifestyle factors and genetics.[16]
The following is a comprehensive list of other causes of diabetes:[17]

Genetic defects of β-cell function
Maturity onset diabetes of the young
Mitochondrial DNA mutations
Genetic defects in insulin processing or insulin action
Defects in proinsulin conversion
Insulin gene mutations
Insulin receptor mutations
Exocrine pancreatic defects
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatectomy
Pancreatic neoplasia
Cystic fibrosis
Hemochromatosis
Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
Endocrinopathies
Growth hormone excess (acromegaly)
Cushing syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Pheochromocytoma
Glucagonoma
Infections
Cytomegalovirus infection
Coxsackievirus B
Drugs
Glucocorticoids
Thyroid hormone
β-adrenergic agonists
Statins

Homeopathy Treatment :

Uranium nitrate.
This remedy is praised highly by Hughes and others in diabetes originating in dyspepsia. It has polyuria, polydypsia, dryness of the mouth and skin. It causes sugar in the urine. Dr. Laning said that no remedy gives such universally good results; it lessens the sugar and quantity of the urine; he recommended the 3X trituration. It is when the disease is due to assimilative derangements that Uranium is the remedy, and symptoms such as defective digestion, languor, debility and much sugar in the urine, enormous appetite and thirst, yet the patient continues to emaciate. Syzygium jambolanum is a remedy capable of diminishing the amount of sugar in the urine, especially when used in the tincture and lower triturations, and some cases have been reported cured, but it cannot be considered a reliable drug , and its use seems entirely palliative.

Phosphoric acid 
corresponds to diabetes of nervous origin; the urine is increased, perhaps milky in color and containing much sugar. It suits cases due to grief, worriment and anxiety, those who are indifferent and apathetic, poor in mental and physical force. It is unquestionably curative of diabetes mellitus in the early stages, great debility and bruised feeling in the muscles. There will be loss of appetite, sometimes unquenchable thirst and perhaps the patient will be troubled with boils. When patients pass large quantities of pale colorless urine or where there is much phosphatic deposit in the urine it is the remedy. It thus may be a remedy in the form known as diabetes insipidus. Hering considered Plumbum one of the most important remedies in diabetes mellitus. Causticum, Scilla and Strophanthus may be of use in diabetes insipidus. Lycopodium cured a case in a weary, wretched patient; emaciated, increased appetite and great thirst; pale, profuse urine. Eight quarts in 24 hours.

Phosphorus.
Useful in diabetes and pancreatic diseases, especially in those of a tuberculous or gouty diathesis. The pancreatic involvement will call attention to Phosphorus. Natrum sulphuricum corresponds to the hydrogenoid constitution, with dry mouth and throat,and Arsenicum should be studied in diabetic gangrene, thirst and emaciation. Sudden and extreme dryness of the mouth and marked physical restlessness are also guiding symptoms to this remedy, especially with a dark watery stool. Dr. P.Jousset reports positive success where the mouth is dry; frequent, abundant urination and tendency to skin eruption.

Lactic acid.
An exceedingly good remedy in the gastrohepatic variety of diabetes and good results often follow its use. It has a fine clinical record. The symptoms are: urinates copiously and freely, urine light yellow and saccharine, thirst, nausea, debility, voracious appetite and costive bowels. Dry skin, dry tongue, gastralgia. Acetic acid is also a valuable diabetic remedy, and it has passing of large quantities of pale urine, intense thirst, hot, dry skin and marked debility Carbolic acid may also be found useful.

Bryonia. 
Should not be neglected in this disease. No remedy has dryness of the lips as a symptom of hepatic disorder more marked than Bryonia, and this is often one of the first symptom of diabetes. There is a persistent bitter taste, the patient is languid, morose and dispirited, thirst may not be extreme nor the appetite voracious, the patient may lose strength through inability to eat. Podophyllum has a bitter taste, but the tongue is flabby. It may be of use in the disease. Chionanthus is a remedy used by the Eclectic School upon the indications of thirst, frequent and copious urine; constipation with stools light colored, devoid of bile. Functional liver disorders. Argentum metallicum. Hahnemann suggests the use of this remedy in diuresis, it is decided use in diabetes insipidus. The urine is profuse, turbid and of sweet odor. Micturition is frequent and copious. Natrum sulphuricum. Hinsdale reports good results with this remedy. It has polyuria, intense itching of the skin, especially upon the upper surface of the thighs. It is the Tissue Remedy of diabetes.

Insulin. 
Long before the discovery of Insulin Dr.Pierre Jousset of Paris prepared a pancreatic juice on a glycerine basis which he administered to diabetic patients in doses of 10 or 20 drops a day in water and had results sufficiently good to consider pancreatic juice, orally administered, as a remedy of great value in diabetes. Dr. Cartier, his practical successor, praised it insisted on smaller doses given by mouth as larger doses and hypodermic injections of it had no effect in ordinary diabetes. Baker advises the homoeopathic strengths of Insulin 3d to 30th and reports happy results therefrom. Great care must be taken not to overdose. Boericke says that it maintains the blood sugar at a normal level and the urine remains free of sugar. Epileptic convulsions and mental derangements have been produced by hypodermic use of this hormone.

                                       Periorbital dark circles 

Periorbital dark circles (also dark circles or raccoon attack) are dark blemishes around the eyes.


Causes:
There are many causes of this symptom, including heredity and bruising.

Heredity
In most cases, the dark circles under the eyes are blood vessels that can be seen through the skin. The skin around the eyelids (periorbital skin) is the thinnest skin in the body (around 0.5 mm thick compared with 2 mm in other areas). Like varicose veins, dark circles under the eyes are usually an inherited trait[citation needed]. When blood passes through the large veins close to the surface of the skin, it can produce a bluish tint. The more transparent the skin—also an inherited trait—the darker the circles appear. In people with a deep-set bone structure, shadowing can also contribute to the dark color under the eyes.


Allergies, asthma, and eczema
Any condition that causes the eyes to itch can contribute to darker circles due to rubbing or scratching the skin around them. Hay fever sufferers in particular will notice under-eye "smudges" during the height of the allergy season. Some food allergies can also cause the area under the eyes to appear darker.


Medications
Any medications that cause blood vessels to dilate can cause circles under the eyes to darken. Because the skin under the eyes is very delicate, any increased blood flow shows through the skin.


Anemia
The lack of nutrients in the diet, or the lack of a balanced diet, can contribute to the discoloration of the area under the eyes. It is believed that a lack of mineral iron can cause dark circles as well. Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia and this condition is a sign that not enough oxygen is getting to the body tissues.[citation needed]
The skin can also become more pale during pregnancy and menstruation (due to lack of iron), allowing the underlying veins under the eyes to become more visible.


Fatigue
A lack of sleep or excessive tiredness can cause paleness of the skin, allowing the blood underneath the skin to become more visible and appear bluer or darker.[citation needed]
[edit]Liver problems
Dark circles under eyes can be symptom of liver disease.


Age
Dark circles are likely to become more noticeable and permanent with age. This is because as people get older, their skin loses collagen, becoming thinner and more translucent. Circles may also gradually begin to appear darker in one eye than the other as a result of some habitual facial expressions, such as an uneven smile.[citation needed]


Periorbital hyperpigmentation
Main article: Periorbital hyperpigmentation
Periorbital hyperpigmentation is the official name for when there is more melanin produced around the eyes than is usual, giving them a darker color.
Homeopathic Treatment
1. Cina: This medicine not only helps in the treatment of dark circles but it is also helpful in treating dilated pupils, weak sight from masturbation, eyestrain, yellow vision, pulsation of cilliary muscles, abdominal irritation etc.
2. Chinin S: This medicine is used for the treatment of eye infections. It is an effective treatment for intermittent neuralgic pains in and around the eyes.
3. Cyclamen: One of the best treatments for these blemishes is cyclamen. It helps in the treatment of spots before the eyes, black spots around the eyes etc.